“You are very hormonal,” is a statement often said to women in a derogatory fashion when she exhibits an ‘unpalatable’ amount of emotion. But yes, women have hormones coursing through their bodies in different levels during various points in their lives.
And the fluctuations happen in women more than men. And it is OK to be ‘hormonal’; because these hormones, at their optimum, help keep us happy, healthy, with glowing skin and others help us sustain our unborn babies and newborns.
What’s more? They keep our libidos healthy. But of course, like everything else in nature, they can sometimes be out of whack.
Today, we look at what roles these hormones play in our womanhood and how to keep them in check:
Prolactin may have over 300 uses in the body but it is popular for its queenliest roles.
Aiding the production of breast milk after a woman gives birth. The hormone level goes up when a woman is pregnant.
Growth of breasts.
Regulation of menstrual period.
What happens when it is out of whack?
An overproduction of the hormone, called hyperprolactinaemia, leads to:
Unwelcome milk production. That means you could start producing milk even without having a newborn or aren’t pregnant.
It can also cause disturbance of the menstrual cycle where you experience missed or irregular periods
In men, an overproduction could cause problems with the sperm production.
Too little prolactin?
There is insufficient milk production in breastfeeding mothers.
Testosterone in women is produced in the ovaries and adrenal gland. It is important because it is involved in menstruation, sex drive, fertility and tissue and bone mass.
The hormone, studies show, boosts a woman’s libido and insufficient amount will depress sex drive.
What happens when it is out of whack?
Testosterone is the main male sex hormone. Too much of it in a female may affect physical appearance by causing:
Acne.
Balding.
Decreased breast size.
Hirsutism. This is the growth of unwanted hair.
Polycystic ovary syndrome, which according to Fertility Point Kenya affects 10 per cent of women. The condition affects a woman’s fertility.
Irregular or absent menstrual periods.
Too little testosterone?
Testosterone naturally decreases as a woman ages, and especially towards menopause. It can also be caused by impaired ovary function. Ovary is one of the sources of the hormone in women.
One will likely experience:
Weight gain.
Reduced sex drive.
Reduced sexual satisfaction.
This is one of the two primary hormones in women; the other being progesterone. It is produced in the ovaries. Men produce it too, but in smaller amounts.
Besides its obvious function in fertility, where it ensures proper functioning of the uterus, the hormone is crucial for vaginal lubrication and sexual desire.
It is also associated with collagen production; meaning it keeps the skin looking youthful and hydrated.
What happens when it is out of whack?
Excess oestrogen production contributes to:
Weight gain.
Loss of interest in sex.
Menstrual problems.
Fibroids.
To some extent, it causes depression.
Too much oestrogen in men causes:
Big breasts in men (gynaecomastia).
Poor erections.
Infertility.
Too little?
This can lead to:
Loss of bone density. This is especially common when women hit menopause because then, the ovaries cease producing oestrogen. Ovary is the main producer of the hormone
A reduction in sex drive
Progesterone helps the body to support a pregnancy or prepares it for one. It is also primarily produced in the ovaries.
If it is too little….
“Low levels of progesterone causes irregular and heavy menses, miscarriage or early labour in pregnancy”, says Edwin Chemonges, a reproductive health nurse.
“When a pregnant woman is at risk of miscarriage or early labour, synthetic progesterone can be administered to delay the onset of labour,” he adds.
Too much progesterone?
Not to worry. There is no known medical consequence of having too much of it.
Can contraceptives trigger breast cancer?
There are no specific causes of breast cancer. While women are taking oral contraceptives and for 10 years after they stop, there is a slightly increased risk of developing breast cancer. Duration of use, dose and type of contraceptive do not seem to have a difference on the risk.
Those who start using them before the age of 20 seem to have a slightly higher risk than those who start at a later age.
Dr Josiah Moki, an oncoplastic breast surgeon at Kenyatta University Teaching, Research and Referral Hospital
